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Networking involves various data encapsulation methods to ensure seamless communication across devices. Three commonly used terms—Ethernet frames, packets, and segments—are […]

Ethernet networks are the backbone of modern communication, both in commercial IT and industrial environments. A crucial aspect of Ethernet

Ethernet networks are the backbone of modern communication systems, providing connectivity in enterprise, industrial, and home networks. Proper cabling and

Quality of Service (QoS) is a set of technologies and mechanisms used to manage and prioritize network traffic to ensure

In industrial automation, network reliability is critical to ensuring uninterrupted operations. Redundancy ring protocols provide fault tolerance by enabling fast

EtherNet/IP (Ethernet Industrial Protocol) is a widely used industrial communication protocol that operates over standard Ethernet networks. Developed by Rockwell

Introduction PROFINET and PROFIBUS are two of the most widely used industrial communication protocols, developed by Siemens and standardized by

Modbus is one of the most widely used industrial communication protocols, originally developed in 1979 by Modicon (now Schneider Electric)

Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is a lightweight, publish-subscribe messaging protocol designed for low-bandwidth, high-latency, and unreliable networks. Originally developed

Industrial control systems (ICS) rely on various communication protocols to ensure seamless data exchange between sensors, controllers, actuators, and supervisory