Technical Brief

Introduction PROFINET and PROFIBUS are two of the most widely used industrial communication protocols, developed by Siemens and standardized by […]

Modbus is one of the most widely used industrial communication protocols, originally developed in 1979 by Modicon (now Schneider Electric)

Message Queuing Telemetry Transport (MQTT) is a lightweight, publish-subscribe messaging protocol designed for low-bandwidth, high-latency, and unreliable networks. Originally developed

Industrial control systems (ICS) rely on various communication protocols to ensure seamless data exchange between sensors, controllers, actuators, and supervisory

Industrial control systems (ICS) rely on various communication protocols to connect sensors, controllers, actuators, and supervisory systems. These protocols enable

Introduction Many industrial and embedded systems still rely on legacy devices that communicate using serial protocols like RS-232 and RS-485.

RS-485 (Recommended Standard 485) is a multi-point, differential serial communication standard designed for robust, long-distance, and noise-resistant data transmission. It

RS-232: Detailed Explanation RS-232 (Recommended Standard 232) is a standard for serial communication that defines how data is transmitted between

Introduction Serial communication is a fundamental method of data transfer used in various industries, including computing, telecommunications, and industrial automation.