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Introduction In the rapidly evolving landscape of industrial automation, seamless interoperability between different devices, systems, and platforms is crucial. Traditional industrial communication protocols often struggle with vendor lock-in, lack of...

Redundancy Protocols for IEC 61850: PRP, HSR, and DLR Introduction IEC 61850 is a global standard for communication in electrical substations and power automation systems. To ensure high availability and fault tolerance, redundancy protocols such as Parallel...

Building Management Systems (BMS) rely on communication protocols to enable seamless integration between various components such as HVAC, lighting, security, and access control systems. These protocols ensure interoperability, real-time monitoring, and...

A Building Management System (BMS) is an integrated system used to control and monitor essential building functions such as HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning), lighting, security, access control, and energy management. Ethernet networking...

As industries and enterprises seek reliable, high-performance wireless connectivity, two key technologies emerge as dominant contenders: Private 5G and Wi-Fi. While both offer wireless communication, they serve different use cases, have distinct advantages,...

While Wi-Fi and cellular networks dominate wireless communication, numerous other wireless technologies play crucial roles in modern connectivity. These technologies enable communication for industrial automation, IoT devices, satellite communications,...

Cellular communication has transformed over the decades, evolving from basic voice services to high-speed data networks powering global connectivity. The transition from 2G to 5G and the upcoming advancements beyond 5G have revolutionized industries,...

Wi-Fi technology continues to evolve rapidly, bringing faster speeds, lower latency, and improved security to users worldwide. As connectivity demands increase with the rise of smart homes, IoT devices, and industrial applications, new advancements in...

What is MQTT? MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport) is a lightweight messaging protocol designed for efficient communication between devices, particularly in environments with low bandwidth, high latency, or unreliable networks. It operates on a...